The 14 may summit in abuja is an opportunity for nigeria and its lake chad basin neighbours to prepare and implement whats been long overdue. Boko haram is an islamist movement founded in 2002 by yusuf muhammad in borno state of northeast nigeria. So boko haram needs to be viewed both within the traditions of religiously justified violence, especially in west africa, and as a representative of a new kind of terrorist phenomenon. Perception of boko haram in northern nigeria and the 2015.
The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. This report addresses the regional ramifications of the rise of boko haram and evaluates the jihadist terrorist organization as something more than a domestic nigerian movement. It will become more difficult to distinguish between ideologically or grievancedriven boko haram attacks, politically manipulated attacks and violent political. Maliki jurisprudence and boko haram ideology versus nigerian. Boko harams religious and political worldview brookings institution.
The answer provides a clue to resolving the current problem. Those terrible weeks in their camp human rights watch. Jun 09, 2011 is nigerias boko haram a wahhabi group. The ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria. Boko haram seeks to hatch a pure hard core islam devoid of any outside, especially, western influence, a project which resembles, to say the least, those of isil islamic state of iraq. Both convictions aim at formulating and articulating an islam that would be devoid of any external especially western or christian influence, the boko haram boko haram boko haram. Request pdf on sep 15, 2015, lucky asuelime and others published perception of boko haram in northern nigeria and the 2015 presidential election find, read and cite all the research you need. Victimage ritual and the construction of islamic fundamentalism in this study, rhetorical analysis through the framework of victimage ritual is employed to analyze four boko haram messages on you tube, five email messages sent to journalists from leaders of boko haram, and a blogspot web page devoted to boko haram. The fifth and final section summarises the key points of the paper and draws some useful recommendations on how to turn. Boko haram s chaotic and amorphous violence remains primarily focused on eliminating rivals or alternative religious ideologies and political influences, and avenging itself against the nigerian state. The ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria please scroll down for article. This is followed by an analysis of its radical and violent implications, how it was transited down to boko haram and why such ideology is a potent tool for boko harams mobilisation efforts. Feb 25, 2017 how nigerians took boko harams victims to their hearts this article is more than 3 years old.
Jan 14, 2015 boko haram, with its chilling brutality, radical islamic ideology and unstoppable seizure of nigerian territory is quickly emerging as the islamic state of africa. Many descriptions of boko haram have been written in recent years 710. For years, boko haram has been conducting a lethal jihadist insurgency in the countrys north to drive out government forces and establish an islamic state. Lawans mission was to call the governments attention to the economic hardship and poor living standards the. Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. It examines the nigerian state response to these uprisings. Ochonu since they kidnapped more than two hundred schoolgirls from chibok, northeastern nigeria, nigerian islamist militant group, boko haram. Absolutism in religion and boko haram as a terrorist group in nigeria were critically examined in relation to global peace and how education can be used to prevent terrorism. Essay is qualitative onecase study limited by the context of nigeria and boko haram violent activities, with focus on years of 20022016, when boko haram was operatively active.
Pdf the ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria. The emergence of boko haram is a symptom of the maturation of historical extremist and rejectionist impulses in the northeast and the failure of both governmental and customary conflict mitigation institutions. Adeyemi faculty of engineering international islamic university malaysia gomback, kl, malaysia shittu huud department of religion and philosophy university of jos, plateau state nigeria. Specifically, the paper draws on the relative deprivation theory to explain why boko haram exists. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious. The boko haram debacle in nigeria ogege sam omadjohwoefe ph. The most frequent recipient of this vengeance is the military, which 2. Boko haram emerges as brutal islamic state of africa usa today. It will become more difficult to distinguish between ideologically or grievance driven boko haram attacks, politically manipulated attacks and violent political.
Feb 05, 2015 issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. In a statement dated august 9, 2009 and made available to vanguard, the. Pdf boko haram in nigeria provides an important example of the combination of religion and violence in the conditions of the twentyfirst century. Both are radical and fundamentalist oriented islamic convictions. The boko haram version of history is selective, idealised and questionable. Central to boko harams ideology is the notion that many aspects of western life are antithetical to islamic civilization. Boko haram makes consistent references to victimhood. Furthermore, the book analyses the various components of boko haram s radical ideology, situates them in islamic jurisprudence, and examines the philosophy of the group both in doctrine and practice their interpretation of the koran and the waging of jihad, and the extent to which they conform to the islamic sect boko haram claims to. The countless number of nigerians who lost their lives because of the political eruptions of the boko haram is yet to be fully catalogued by state and society. Rather, an attempt will be made to examine the development of the concept of legitimate political authority in islam. This paper discusses the resurgence of violence under the guise of religious revivalism and draws parallels between the maitatsine uprisings and the boko haram uprising.
Islamism, politics, security and the state in nigeria. What are most disturbing to me are that the political explosiveness of the boko haram, a selfmade vehicle that is religious, social, cultural and economic. People have opened their homes and land to refugees emma grahamharrison. Aug 14, 2009 the islamic sect boko haram has declared total jihad in nigeria, threatening to islamise the entire nation by force of war. For a movement such as boko haram to mutate from a sectarian group splitting away from the izala movement to a fullgrown rebellion threatening the integrity of the most powerful state in west africa, you need more than religious fanatics, violent salafist ideology, and intolerance.
Boko haram indicts colonialists for dismantling the empire and dividing it among themselves, but muslim infighting was largely responsible for its collapse. Identity, religion, boko haram, poverty, northern nigeria. Boko harams ideology has played in indoctrinating a new cadre of militants in northern cameroon. The paper attempts to shift from descriptive explanation of the.
This briefing paper provides an account of boko harams origin, ideology, demands, and modus operandi. Those terrible weeks in their camp 2 ascertain if some, or all, had also been abducted or if they were family members of the insurgents. The section also seeks to understand why boko haram rebels. Haram, including discussions about the groups emergence, ideology, modus operandi. Specifically, the study examines boko harams leadership, ideology and strategy. Northern nigeria history boko haram is a militant jihadist group fighting for the implementation of sharia islamic law in nigeria. Boko haram ideology is a spill over from the sunnisalafi. One of the most important findings of the thesis is that religion can be a dominate cause of conflict. It goes without saying that maliki thought and boko haram ideology possess a common goal, namely, to return to the roots of islam no matter how anachronistic. Boko haram is an islamic sect that believes politics in northern nigeria has.
Boko haram ideology is a spill over from the sunnisalafi doctrine that the temporal proximity to prophet mohammad is associated with the truest form of islam. The potential for boko haram to evolve from being a local to a regional or global threat is clear, and there are signs that several boko haram factions have already abandoned nigeriaoriented objectives in favor of embracing transnational militant objectives history and ideology from 2002 to 2009, boko haram was led by mohammed yusuf, a charis. Not to be soon forgotten is the august 26, 2011 suicide bombing of the united nations secretariat in abuja, coming not long after a similar attack on the nigeria police force headquarters on june 16, both claimed by the boko haram. In reality, the kanembornu empire was considerably more volatile and at times far less glorious than is claimed. Ideology boko haram is a violent sunni jihadist group founded by cleric mohammed yusuf, who was previously a leader within a salafist group in the 1990s, and was inspired by 14th century fundamentalist scholar ibn taymiyyah. How nigerians took boko harams victims to their hearts. Haram attacks, including the destruction of a northern nigerian town and massacring of approximately 300 of its inhabitants three weeks after the abductions. Boko harams insurgency, but it also identifies gaps in the literature. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over various issues between nigerian islamic organizations. Jun 02, 2014 any attempt to understand or address the menace of boko haram and the threat of islamic extremism in contemporary nigeria must consider seriously the phenomenon of political islam and how it has undermined the development of northern nigeria and the realization of a free, equal, peaceful, tolerant, and democratic society. D department of sociology faculty of the social sciences delta state university, p. How boko haram exploits history and memory africa research.
Another look at the boko haram philosophyby ahmad salkida. Jan 14, 2016 the ideology of boko haram, a nigerian jihadi group that has pledged allegiance to the islamic state, is often described as opposition to democracy and rejection of westernstyle education. B 1 abraka, nigeria abstract the paper examines insecurity and sustainable development in nigeria with special emphasis on the boko haram insurgency. Jihad otherwise called boko haram western education is sinful in house language. Boko haram has conducted an insurgency against the nigerian state since 2009. Initially growing out of a group known as the nigerian taliban, the group that would become boko haram was founded by mohammed yusuf in 2002. Boko haram is losing ground, resources and fighters.
Boko haram is an isisaligned jihadist group based in nigeria. Yusuf muhammads teaching propagated hatred toward western civilization. Ali, espoused antistate ideology and called on other muslims to join the group and. Emergence of boko haram as a terrorist group given the fact that boko haram as a terrorist group is very central to the paper, there is a strong need to give a. Yusuf also demanded the full implementation of the sharia in nigeria to usher in the perfect islamic state. This comprehensive report examines boko harams extremist rhetoric, leadership, and history of violent activities. The political, social economic and religious underpininds of. Evidence suggests that boko haram has been very effective in using islamic ideology to recruit, organise and sustain its battle against the nigerian state. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. The activities of boko haram in the northeastern part of nigeria have highlighted the need for more effective counterstrategies.
But defeating the group and preventing a future insurgency needs more than military success. There seems to be an area of intersection between boko haram ideology and maliki jurisprudence. The prize in alqaedas africa strategy jacob zenn on. Boko haram ressurects, declares total jihad vanguard news. Haram, including discussions about the groups emergence, ideology, modus operandi, radicalisation, and nonmonolithic nature. It vehemently affirmed the infallibility of the quran as the uncreated and eternal word of allah.